Amenorrhea - Symptoms and causes
Amenorrhea is a medical condition characterized by the absence of menstrual periods in women of reproductive age. It’s classified into two types: primary amenorrhea, where menstrual periods have not started by age 15 or within five years of the onset of puberty, and secondary amenorrhea, defined as the absence of menstrual periods for three months or more in women who previously had regular menstrual cycles or six months in women with irregular cycles.
Causes of Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea can be caused by a variety of factors, which can be broadly categorized into lifestyle factors, hormonal imbalances, structural issues, and other medical conditions:
- Lifestyle factors: Significant weight loss or gain, excessive exercise, and stress can disrupt the normal hormonal balance that regulates menstruation.
- Hormonal imbalances: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, and hyperprolactinemia can lead to amenorrhea by affecting the hormones that control the menstrual cycle.
- Structural issues: Congenital anomalies, uterine scarring from procedures like dilation and curettage (D&C), or premature menopause can result in the absence of menstruation.
- Other medical conditions: Chronic illnesses, including celiac disease and Crohn’s disease, can also contribute to the development of amenorrhea.
Symptoms Associated with Amenorrhea
While the primary symptom of amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods, women may also experience symptoms related to the underlying cause, such as:
- Weight changes
- Milky nipple discharge
- Hair loss
- Headache or vision changes
- Acne or increased facial hair
- Pelvic pain
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing amenorrhea involves a comprehensive approach that may include:
- Medical history and physical examination: To identify any symptoms and factors that may contribute to amenorrhea.
- Blood tests: To check hormone levels, including thyroid, estrogen, and prolactin, which can affect menstrual cycles.
- Ultrasound: To examine the uterus, ovaries, and other parts of the pelvic region for structural abnormalities or conditions like PCOS.
At London Private Ultrasound, we offer advanced diagnostic services, including ultrasound scans and blood tests, to help identify the cause of amenorrhea. Our clinic is equipped with state-of-the-art technology and staffed by experienced specialists, ensuring accurate diagnosis and personalized care.
Comprehensive Care at London Private Ultrasound
Our multidisciplinary team, including GPs and specialists in endocrinology and gynecology, works collaboratively to provide comprehensive care for women with amenorrhea. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include lifestyle modifications, hormone therapy, or surgery in cases of structural abnormalities.
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